How Does Harper Lee Use Minor Characters in to Kill a Mockingbird to Explore Some of the Main Concerns of the Text Essay Example

How Does Harper Lee Use Minor Characters in to Kill a Mockingbird to Explore Some of the Main Concerns of the Text? Paper Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, set in the days of the 1930’s but written in the 1960’s during the Civil Rights debate shows major concerns for this time. Lee explores the main concerns of courage, racism, law and justice with the use of minor characters. The Alabama township of Maycomb, where Lee sets her story is home to a combination of social classes and racial backgrounds. Harper Lee’s characterisation of the minor characters demonstrates the main concern of racism. The town of Maycomb was very divided by race and when it came to Mr Raymond the town was shocked and didn’t accept him, so he believed that he was better off being known as a drunk rather than the men that lived the way he does â€Å"because that’s the way [he] wants to live† (p. 221). The fact that he has half black children says a bad message to most of the white people. When Calpurnia takes the children to the ‘First Purchase Church’ she had a positive attitude towards the idea. She dressed them like they â€Å"were going to Mardi Gras† (p. 30), she took this opportunity to show the children that some people aren’t like what they had witnessed with the white people in town. When Lula yells out â€Å"you ain’t got no business bringin’ those white chillum here† (p. 131), it goes against the rest of the church’s morals that anyone way welcome as â€Å"it’s the same god† (p. 131). The Law and Jus tice are shown as a concern to the characters of TKAM. When Atticus makes his final speech to the jury, he comments on how â€Å"the defendant is not guilty but somebody†¦is† (p. 24). This shows how even though Tom Robinson had done nothing wrong and by law he shouldn’t therefore have a punishment he was still found guilty by the jury, he was guilty by law but not by justice. It is after Jem has matured he finds that the law doesn’t always display true justice. Jem comments to Atticus about Tom’s death sentence from the jury â€Å"doesn’t make it right† (p. 243) how it shouldn’t be up to the jury because the jury wasn’t like him. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Harper Lee Use Minor Characters in to Kill a Mockingbird to Explore Some of the Main Concerns of the Text? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Harper Lee Use Minor Characters in to Kill a Mockingbird to Explore Some of the Main Concerns of the Text? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Harper Lee Use Minor Characters in to Kill a Mockingbird to Explore Some of the Main Concerns of the Text? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And it is Atticus that says that if Jem â€Å"had been on that jury†¦and eleven boys like [him] Tom would be a free man† (p. 243). Jem had matured to understand that the town and the jury weren’t justice and that the law, as long as being decided by a jury, was not even-handed. The Law and Justice, the racism in the township of Maycomb and the courage some of the characters held were the main concerns and themes displayed in Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird. It shows the reader that Maycomb during the 1930’s went through hardship of the differences of people.

buy custom Cleft Lip or Palate essay

buy custom Cleft Lip or Palate essay Clefts of the lip, alveolus and hard palates are the most common congenital deformities affecting the upper jaw leading to difficulty in feeding. However, cleft lip alone generally doesnt interfere with feeding. There are chances of regurgitation of milk, associated lung infections and chronic otitis media, Conductive hearing loss and delayed speech in the patients of cleft palate. They generally occur as isolated deformities and very rarely are associated with congenital heart disease and genetic conditions such as Aperts or Downs syndrome. INCIDENCE: 1 in 2500 live births. Clefts are highest among Asians and lowest among blacks. cleft lip and palate in conjoint predominate in males. Cleft palate alone is more common in females. ETIOLOGY:- possible etiology include maternal drug exposure during pregnancy, syndrome malformation complex, or genetic . This condition of cleft lip and palate is inherited in a dominant fashion, (van der woude syndrome) Embryology of Normal fetus: the masticatory muscles in conjoint with internal pterygoid Muscle allows the mandibular teeth to forcefully contact the maxillary teeth. When teeth meet simultaneously, the force is distributed over a large are of bone to tooth attachment and resulting to the joining of medial nasal and maxillary processes. Embryo histology: The cleft of the lip appears because of the hypoplasdia of the mesenchymal layer, resulting in failure of the medial nasal and maxillary processes to join. Cleft of the palate appears to represent failure of the palatal shelves to approximate or fuse. Genetic influences more significant in cleft lip/palate than cleft palate alone where environmental factors exert a greater influence. Clinical features: cosmetically looks ugly: Cleft lip may vary from a small notch in the vermillion border to a complete separation extending in to the floor of the nose. Clefts may be unilateral or bilateral and may involve the alveolar ridge. Cleft palate may result to difficulty in feeding, regurgitation ,lung infections, middle ear infections, dental decay and speech delay/hyper nasal speech, inability to whistle, gargle, blow out a candle, of inflate a balloon . MANAGEMENT : COSMETIC SURGERY : the correction of cleft lip is undertaken earlier because Of the obvious cosmetic problems.(three months of age) SURGICAL CLOSURE OF THE DEFECT: restoring the normal anatomy of the cleft palate undertaken later, but before the development of speech(around ten months of age) Treatment of lung infection like pneumonia and atelectasis orthodontic correction, Speech therapy :If surgery is delayed beyond three years of age, a contoured speech bulb can be attached to the posterior of a maxillary denture to accomplish occlusion of the naso pharynx and help the child develop intelligible speech. Treatment of middle ear infection e.g., otitis media and conductive hearing loss. Healthy diet:-feeding can be continued with a Mead Johnson bottle or a cup. Use a crosscut nipple to prevent choking. Any nipple can be crosscut manually using a single-edged razor blade. The crosscut is on the tongue side. CONCLUSION Cleft lip or palate is a congenital developmental deformity probably caused by maternal exposure of drugs during pregnancy Because of this deformity the neonate gets difficulty in feeding along with lung and middle ear infections. The only management remedy is surgical correction of the defect. Buy custom Cleft Lip or Palate essay

Chemistry in Life Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Chemistry in Life - Research Paper Example to remember is that all forms of money are collectively called as currency, which in turn refers to all the money coins and banknotes which are generally accepted and in wide use in the country to which it pertains. The currency of a country is its so-called legal tender that in turn implies the medium of payment recognized by the country’s legal system. Implication in a country having a legal tender means it is valid for meeting a financial obligation. In other words, a creditor (lender) is obligated to accept any payment made in legal tender towards the repayment of a debt owed by a debtor (borrower). A good but short example is when someone pays in American dollars then the lender cannot refuse to accept such payment since a dollar is the legal tender in America (although some states accept gold or silver coins as payment). If the borrower intends to pay in kind (like mineral ores or cocaine or cattle or something else), a creditor can refuse such payment since it is not co nsidered as legal tender and can be refused to be accepted to extinguish a debt, financial obligation or some other consideration. However, before coinage was invented, barter was used which is just a simple kind of exchange for one type of goods for another type of goods or resources. An example will be a person wants to buy a loaf of bread but lacking any money, he pays for it with a live chicken depending on their agreed value of exchange (there must be some semblance of parity). Most historians are generally agreed that coins were invented at around 700 B.C.E. (before current era) independently in Lydia (now a part of modern-day Turkey), in India, and in China. Barter is a form of direct exchange by which goods and services were exchanged for another set of goods and services without the benefit of using a medium of exchange (currency). Barter has a set of inherent problems such as the difficulty in determining the exact or accurate value of an intended exchange between two kinds of

Malware and how it affects the system and the Victim also how it get Essay

Malware and how it affects the system and the Victim also how it get into a Victim machine - Essay Example software as rogue security software, spyware, worms, adware, dialers, Trojan, computer virus and key loggers among others which normally appear in the form of active contents, codes as well as scripts (Klaus, 2013). However, it is worth noting that malwares are different from defective software in the regard that defective software may be legitimate software which would have had defective bugs before release and which were not corrected. Malwares get access into a personal computer system through a variety of ways, which include through an exchange of contaminated files, accessing contaminated online materials or even through legitimate download of corrupted software from the online stores. Attackers or the developers of these malware are known to attach the malware onto legitimate software online and as such, unsuspecting victims purchase the software only to have the harmful software get into their computer system. However, such malware as spyware spread through individual installation by visiting security holes or even though installation of corrupted programs from harmful websites. Ill intentions by hackers or malware developers lead to the design and programming of the harmful software in order to access sensitive information from organizations or even private system. These software programs are used to steal sensitive financial, personal or even business information, which is targeted by the hackers. Besides the use of malware to gather or ‘steal’ important information from corporate systems, the malicious software is used to disrupt the operations of computer systems and as a result bring about much suffering to organizations or corporate. The software has been used in many instances to target government operations, bank systems as well as corporate and private security systems for profit gains by the hackers (Reavis, 2012). The working of the different malicious software differs from one type to another. Worms and virus are known to target executable

Quality of Work Life and Turnover Intention Coursework

Quality of Work Life and Turnover Intention - Coursework Example Though, we are in the middle of a recession period these days, but if we recollect the events unfolding couple of years back, it becomes abundantly clear that the policies of globalisation and liberalisation resulted in many more opportunities for the skilled workers around the world. This resulted in high levels of turnover ratios, particularly in the IT industry. The industry had to eventually think about innovative measures to reduce the turnover ratio and retain the employees. Quoting the figures from a study HR.com (2008) states that on account of economic pressures and an evolving workforce; the voluntary as well as total turnover intentions have seen consistent increase over the last four years. The study indicates that the voluntary turnover intention has seen a more prominent increase. Employee turnover results in multiple impacts for the organisation. When an employee all of a sudden decides to leave a company and join another one, offering better facilities, pay packages etc. then the parent stand to lose by way of; The generally held belief is that life at the working place leaves a big impact on the levels of motivation of the worker. Motivation in simplest terms can be defined as a means of providing motives. Motives can act towards doing a job more efficiently or for distorting the work environment. Quite often the lack of any positive motivation by the managers also results in an automatic provisioning of negative motivation. Mullins (2005) contends that organisations comprise 'people, objectives, structures' and 'management'. While objectives and structure depend upon the manner in which management wishes to work and do not require regular updating, the people require more attention on a regular basis. There are a number of determinants towards shaping the working environment within an organisation. The factors are both internal and external to the organisation. Internal factors will include the strengths of the organisation, in terms of its finances, human resources, management, strategies etc. These factors can be controlled well by the organisation. On the other hand the external factors like the legal and political scene prevailing within the state/ country of its operations, number and types of competitors, suppliers in the market, terms and conditions from financial institutions, alternative products available in the market, newer technological innovations etc. On these factors the organisation may not be able to exert much control. This study is therefore an attempt to take a look at all such factors which affects the quality of work life and how this quality of work life impacts the turnover intentions of the individual. 2. Preliminary Literature Review The search for better ways of retaining the employees to counter the increasing turnover intentions and dysfunctional consequences of job designs based on traditional principles began with the

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde | Summary

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde | Summary In what way does Robert Louis Stevenson build intrigue and interest the reader in ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The book ‘The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was written in 1885 in Bournemouth, England and in January 1886 was first published by Longmans, Green Co, and is probably one of Stevensons best-known stories he wrote. The novella is a Gothic mystery story set in the 1880s in London. It is about a man named Mr. Utterson and how he discovers the truth about his friend Dr Jekyll and the horrors that occur as the mystery unfolds. The story is veiled in mist and characters uncertainty. We see the rising actions of Mr. Utterson as he attempts to discover the truth of the relationship between Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and the constant theme of the ‘duality of human nature and reputation. The story begins with a trustworthy and sensible man named Mr. Utterson and his friend Mr. Enfield as they are taking their weekly stroll around an area in London. As they pass a very dilapidated door, Mr. Enfield recalls a gruesome story of physical attack. The story depicts how a man named Mr. Hyde ‘trampled calmly over a young innocent girl ‘like some dammed Juggernaut‘. This would immediately create surprise and intrigue in the readers mind. Why would anyone trample a young girl to the ground? The man pays off the girls relatives with a cheque, which was signed by a very prestigious man, named Dr Jekyll. This creates interest and intrigue to the reader and questions would present themselves in their mind. What is interesting is how Mr. Enfield describes Mr. Hyde. He says ‘He is not easy to describe. There is something wrong with his appearance, something displeasing, something downright detestable [Chapter 1]. Why can Mr. Enfield not describe Mr. Hyde? How can a man make someones blood run cold? Mr. Enfields lack of description makes a pattern in the novel, even later on Mr. Utterson cannot come up with an exact description of this man, only as a ‘troglodyte. It makes the reader find it hard to imagine w hat this character might look like or what he might not, and want to find out more about Mr. Hyde. How can it be that no one can describe him? Mr. Utterson represents the readers intrigue and tries to find out more information. The lawyer visits his friend Dr Lanyon to try to shed some light on Mr. Hyde. Dr Lanyon informs him that he does not speak to Dr Jekyll anymore because they had a scientific difference of opinion that Dr Lanyon refuses to express any detail. He says that ‘Jekyll became too fanciful for me and finds his work ‘unscientific balderdash [Chapter 2]. Questions would become apparent to the reader such as why did Dr Lanyon think that Dr Jekylls was unscientific, or did it go against any of Dr Lanyons beliefs and boundaries? Robert Louis Stevenson makes the conversation very blunt and withholds information by making Dr Lanyon very stubborn as to why they have fallen out. The fallout seems connected to Mr. Hyde even though Dr Lanyon has never heard of such a person. Another question might be ‘Why is Dr Lanyon so irritated by Dr Jekyll? Before this, it is told that they were great friends so something very significant to have broken up such a good companionship. This secrecy i s continuous throughout the whole novel. Robert Louis Stevenson gives the feeling that there is a veil over everyones eyes, even in third person we only follow the journey of Mr. Utterson and as he figures things out so does the reader. London was really the perfect setting for this novel, as during the 19th century, the industrial revolution took place and you would get very dense smog that would smother whole parts of the city for days. This interests the reader because they do not get the whole picture in one page and are eager to find out more. Fog and mist represent secrecy because they can hide what is right in front of you. The whole picture only revealed at the end of the book so you have to follow Mr. Uttersons footprints to get the whole idea. After the appalling incident, involving Sir Danvers Carew Mr. Utterson leads police officers to Mr. Hydes home in Soho it was a very misty day. ‘A great chocolate-colored pall lowered over the heavens, but the wind was continually charging and routing these embattled vapors and ‘it would be dark like the back-end of evening; and there would be a glow of rich, lurid brown, like the light of some strange conflagration [Chapter 4]. This build up to something might be a very eventful day. The suspense created makes the reader interested to find out what is hiding in Mr. Hydes house. Robert Louis Stevenson uses vivid language to captivate the readers imagination and evokes emotions such as apprehension as to what happens next. The weather also might represent how the characters are feeling themselves. The anonymous narrator just describes Mr. Uttersons point of view, only the last two chapters are in Dr Lanyon and Dr Jekylls observations, this makes Mr. Utterson the flagship c haracter of the novel. When Dr Lanyon witnesses the transformation of Dr Jekyll at the end of Chapter 9 Robert Louis Stevenson uses descriptive language to captivate the readers imagination. Robert Louis Stevenson writes ‘He put the glass to his lips and drank at one gulp. A cry followed; he reeled, staggered, clutched at the table and held on, staring with injected eyes, gasping with open mouth and ‘he seemed to swell- his face became suddenly black and the features seemed to melt and alter [Chapter 9]. Robert Louis Stevenson uses vivid language to create an intense and climax. The atmosphere is electrifying throughout the last few paragraphs of Doctor Lanyons Narrative. Stevenson uses colorful language that is very powerful to the reader. Dr Lanyon is so horrified that he dies shortly after. One subtle thing that might interest the reader is the main theme in ‘The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. The theme that is stated by Dr Jekyll is ‘the duality of human nature. Dr Jekyll says that ‘man is not truly one, but truly two. The potion that Jekyll created intended to separate the elements of good and evil, and leave him with the good side, but instead it leaves him the pure evil, primitive side. Robert Louis Stevenson takes a very primal approach to Mr. Hyde and how he behaves, and illustrates primeval instincts within him. Mr. Hyde represents a very small, ugly, and hairy man that symbolizes his own moral values. Dr Jekyll says that the human soul is made up of angel and a fiend that are fighting for dominance. As the story progresses we see the ‘fiend Mr. Hyde completely overpower the ‘angel Dr Jekyll. The reader might wonder what happened to the ‘angel at the end of the book as only the ‘fiend was present. It could be anything the reader wants; Robert Louis Stevenson left that to the imagination. There are many ways to interest and intrigue a reader when writing novels. You could use descriptive words, or make something out of the ordinary happen. Robert Louis Stevenson has created a fascinating novel that is full of suspense and intrigue and has enthralled many peoples imagination, and has used powerful and evoking vocabulary to create dramatic scenes and intense atmospheres. I feel that Stevenson has written a story that creates ambiguity and curiosity to all.

Greaest Quality :: essays research papers

Kindness. What is it? Kindness is characterized by the quality or state of being kind. Kindness is a major element of, do on to others as done on to you. Most of God’s gifts come to us as Grace and often it is not necessary for us to ask for these gifts. He has given us the gift of being able to overcome the difficulties that face us. We have much to be thankful for because of God’s kindness to us even from before we were born. Kindness is needed in life because we need to be grateful for what we were given and help others who aren’t stricken with the same abilities, kindness results in a more worth while life, and everyone needs kindness to live. People haven’t always been grateful to God for his gifts. I know I was very grateful when I learned what I was born with, for example, I was born with apnea, a disease stricken in infants that causes their breathing to stop while they are sleeping. That most be the reason at the current point in my life that I enjoy sleeping so well. But God’s love and grace pulled me through and kept me safe through my early childhood. Certain dependability is necessary to practice kindness. Kindness is our way of imitating life’s true meaning. Kindness is always something special. For example. On your way to work you notice an elderly man struggling to cross a busy street. He is surrounded by so many cars, he doesn’t know what to do. He reaches the pedestrian crossing and pushes the button but the cars and trucks keep coming. Being a kind person you take the man by the arm and help him across the avenue. That’s kindness! Your kindness may be the difference between a "good" and a "bad" morning. Look for these opportunities! Some people do not like to be assisted. They feel able-bodied enough to tackle street crossings even though they are elderly.